A GST refund refers to the return of excess GST paid or accumulated Input Tax Credit (ITC) under certain circumstances, governed by Section 54 of the CGST Act, 2017.
A registered person may claim a refund in the following situations:
Situation | Reference |
---|---|
Export of goods or services (Zero-rated supply) | Sec 16, IGST Act + Sec 54, CGST Act |
Supplies made to SEZ units or developers (Zero-rated supply) | Sec 16, IGST Act + Rule 89, CGST Rules |
Deemed export supplies (e.g. EOUs) | Notif. 48/2017 + Rule 89(2)(g) |
Accumulated ITC due to inverted duty structure | Sec 54(3), CGST Act |
Tax paid on intra-State supply treated later as inter-State (and vice versa) | Sec 77, CGST Act |
Finalisation of provisional assessment | Rule 92, CGST Rules |
Refund of excess tax paid due to mistake | Sec 54(1), CGST Act |
Refund on account of court or tribunal order | Sec 54(1), CGST Act |
Tax refund for UN bodies, embassies, notified agencies | Sec 55, CGST Act |
International tourists (on goods taken abroad) | Sec 15, IGST Act |
Balance in electronic cash ledger (excess cash deposit) | Rule 89(1), CGST Rules |
Refund on cancelled transactions (via refund vouchers) | Rule 89(2)(j), CGST Rules |
Casual and non-resident taxable persons | Rule 89(2)(k), CGST Rules |
Form to File: GST RFD-01 (online via GST portal)
Time Limit: Within 2 years from the relevant date
Supporting Docs: Invoice details, FIRC (for exports), declarations, etc.
Refund Time: Within 60 days of complete application
Provisional Refund: 90% refund for zero-rated supplies within 7 days
Unjust Enrichment Test: Refunds generally must prove tax incidence was not passed on, except for exports, ITC accumulation, wrong tax payments, etc.
Self-Declaration/CA Certificate:
Up to ₹2 lakh – self-declaration
Above ₹2 lakh – CA/Cost Accountant certificate